Star plots

http://www.datavis.ca/milestones/index.php?group=1950%2B
 Star Plots are used to examine the relative values for a single data point. In this case we have sixteen shapes which correspond to a state each. Star plot are defined as "A radar chart is a graphical method of displaying multivariate data in the form of a two-dimensional chart". 

Similarity matrix

http://www.fxpal.com/?p=eventDetector

Similarity matrices show how similar to points of data are. They are used frequently in sequence alignment.

Stem and leaf plot

http://www.webquest.hawaii.edu/kahihi/mathdictionary/S/stemleaf.php

Stem and leaf plots are used to organize data. We learn about them very young in school and they represent a larger data set. In this stem and leaf plot the orgaized chat is really showing twenty-four different numerical values.

Box plot

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_plot

Boxplots are used to display differences in data without making any assumptions of statistical distribution. In this box plot the speed of light in various experiments are being analyzed. 

Histogram

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histogram

A histogram "is a graphical representation showing a visual impression of the distribution of data". In this histogram we have arrivals per minute on the x-axis and then the frequency of the arrivals on the y-axis. 

Parallel coordinate graph

http://www.google.com/

Parallell coordinate graphs are used to showing high dimensional geometry. They would be very complex to understand unless you were interested in multi-dimensional space.

Triangular plot

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ternary_plot

Triangle plots are used to represent three different variables. In this case we are looking at oxygen, nitrogen, and methane.